Abbreviation
abbr. |
English |
Latin |
Comments |
Acc |
Nucleus accumbens |
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ACX |
archicortex |
archaecortex |
The mammalian cerebral cortex, including that of humans, consists of three main subdivisions – neocortex, archicortex and paleocortex – with transitional regions between them (Rose, 1935; Filimonoff, 1947). The proper archaecortical regions -- hippocampus and dentate gyrus areas |
ACX (d) |
archicortex: dorsal primordium |
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ACX (v) |
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Am |
Amygdala |
Amygdala |
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aob |
accessory olfactory bulbs |
bulbus olfactorius accessorius |
AOB is a primary center of the vomeronasal sensory system. VNO originate as a separate organ in the early prenatal ontogenesis, and even demonstrate receptor-cell till the middle fetal stages (23-26 gw) (Boehm and Gasser, 1993; Kharlamova et al., 2011). Terminal-vomeronasal system takes part in the LHRH-cell migrating system from its peripheral origin to the hypothalamus (Schwanzel-Fukuda, 1999; Boehm et al., 1994; Schwanzel-Fukuda and Pfaff, 1994). The system disfunction leads in the Kalmans' syndrom in humans. But vomeronasal system seems to degenerate in the late fetal period, so AOB seems to be a provisional/rudiment structure, which doesn't develop to the functional brain center postnatally in humans. |
BG |
Subpallial nuclei (striatum) + undifferentiated presumptive amygdala |
striatum + amygdala |
At the early foetal period basal telencephalon nuclei including striatal complex and undifferentiated amygdala: at the prefoetal developmental period amygdaloid nuclei form a undifferentiated cell masses, boder between amygdaloid complex and presumptive putamen is also unvisible -- it becames detectable at 10-11 pcw (55-60 CRL) (Filimonoff, 1958) |
bnst |
bed nucleus of stria terminalis |
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C |
Cerebellum |
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c_ant |
Anterior comissure |
Comissure anterior |
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сс |
Central chanal |
Canalis centralis |
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с.сal. |
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Corpus callosum |
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сGE |
Caudal ganglionic eminence |
The most caudal part of the basal proliferative zone of telencephalon |
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CGl |
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Corpus geniculatum laterale |
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Ch_o |
optic chiasm |
chiasma opticus |
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Сh_plxV3 |
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Cint |
internal capsule |
Сapsula interna |
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Cl |
Claustrum |
Claustrum |
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cM |
mammilare region of hypothalamus |
corpus mammilare |
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cn |
nasal cavity |
Cavum nasi |
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Crc |
cerebral peduncle |
Crus cerebri |
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cp |
cortical plate |
The proper cortical plate of the neocortical regions consists of the cortical cell layers 1-6 (2-7, if the marginal zone (lamina zonalis) is included s the first superficial layer) |
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D |
Diencephalon |
Diencephalon |
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Db |
Diagonal band |
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Dbn |
Diagonal band nuclei (of Broca) |
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Dpre |
diencephalon: preoptic area |
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ECX |
Entorhinal cortex |
Cortex entorhinalis |
transitional zone between neocortical and archaecortical regions -- periarchaecortex |
GE |
Ganglionic eminence |
Proliferative zone of the basal telencephalon is an anlag for the basal telencephalon nuclei of the striatum, but also give rise to cortical oligodendrosyte and interneuron (and possible some astrosytes) lineages, while the main projective cortical neurons and astrosytes originate from ventricular-subventricular zone lining lateral ventriculus cavity |
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GP |
Globus pallidus |
Globus pallidus |
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eTh |
Epithalamus |
Epithalamus |
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exc.d.s.g. |
excretory duct of the submandibular gland |
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fimbria |
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fM |
foramen of Monro |
foramen intraventricularis (Monroi) |
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f.sorb. |
transient supraorbital fissura -- anlag of the future sulcus rectus |
fissura supraorbitalis |
There are provisional structures in the forebrain wall named primegenial fissures. This temporary structures arise in the begining of the fetal (prefetal period of gestation) -- 7-8 pcw -- and disappear in the middle of th 5th gestational mounth (13-20 gw). Despite of the constant human sucli, temporary fetal fissures engage all hemispharia wall including vz and svz, not only the cortical plate (Astavhova et al., 1958; Saveliev, 1989, 2005). This structrues are temporary, but they locate in the constant sulci places. The following fissures reffered as provisional -- f. arcuata (s. cinguli), f. supraorbitalis (s. rectus), f. marginalis (pars marginalis sulci cinguli), f. parieto-occipitalis (s. parieto-occipitalis), f. calcarina (s. calcarinus), f. collateralis (s. collateralis). |
fx |
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fornix |
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hab |
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Habenula |
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hs |
pituitary gland |
Hypophysis |
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hTh |
diencephalon: hypothalamus |
Hypothalamus |
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hTh:dm |
dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus |
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hTh:vm |
ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus |
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ICX |
Insular cortex |
The mammalian cerebral cortex, including that of humans, consists of three main subdivisions – neocortex, archicortex and paleocortex – with transitional regions between them (Rose, 1935; Filimonoff, 1947). Peripaleocortex (Insular cortex) - transitional pallial area between neocortex and paleocortex (Filimonoff 1947): the Insula consists of the fields of neocortical (caudal 13 field and 14 field) and peripaleocortical oridgin (area insularis intermedia ii°, ii, ia) (Stankevich, 1959 [in Russian]) |
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ii° |
insular subzone 0 |
the first insular zone of peripaleocortical origin, bordered the paleocortical area (it is located between prepiriform zone (PP1 subdivision) and main insular region). This transitional zone is cell rare area: «The formation ii (insular cortex), which is the one nearest the isocortex, is characterized in early stages by a wedge-shaped widening of the cortical plate in the direction of the isocortex [neocortex] while the formation ii0 , which is the one nearest the semicortical zone [paleocortex (Filimonoff, 1974)], presents strong rare faction of the cortical plate. In the adult the formation ii° is far from being so rarefied, but it is still well differentiated from surrounding formations by its looseness and extreme effacement of stratification» (Filimonoff 1947) |
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Inf |
Infundibulum |
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Isth |
isthmus |
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iz |
intermediate zone |
zona intermedia |
A transient zone of the developing cererbral wall contains migrating neuroblasts |
eye lens |
Lentis oculi |
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lat.m.str. |
lateral migratory stream (curve) |
Lateral migratory stream - the pathway of the neuroblast migration from the vz (svz)/lateral ganglionic eminence angle downward, alongated the presumbtive claustrum |
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lGb |
lateral geniculate body |
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lGE |
Lateral ganglionic eminence |
The lateral part pf the basal proliferative zone of telencephalon |
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l.ext. |
external cell layer of retina |
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l.int |
internal cell layer of retina |
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lot |
lateral olfactory tract |
tractus olfactorius lateralis |
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l.pigm |
pigmented layer of retina |
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l. prov. |
provisional Chievitz layer of retina |
provisional Chievitz layer (noncellular) separating the outer nuclear layer from th e inner one |
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lt |
terminal plate |
lamina terminalis |
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VLc |
Lateral ventricle: caudal horn |
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mam |
mammillary body |
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Mbn |
Meinert basal nuclei |
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Mesen |
Mesencephalon |
Mesencephalon |
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mGE |
Medial ganglionic eminence |
The medial part pf the basal proliferative zone of telencephalon |
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Mielen |
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medulla oblongata/mielencephalon |
Rombencephalon or hindbrainsubdivided into the metencephalon, which differentiates into the pons and cerebellum, and mielencephlaon, which gives medulla oblongata |
MZ |
marginal zone = lamina zonalis |
lamina zonalis |
Marginal zone or the first layer of the pallial - the superficial layer of the pallium regions, located outer to the proper cortical plate |
n_d |
dentate nucleus |
nucleus dentatus |
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nC |
Caudate nucleus |
nucl. Caudatus |
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nhs |
neurohypophysis |
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NCX |
neocortex (isocortex (Filimonoff, 1947)) |
neocortex |
The mammalian cerebral cortex, including that of humans, consists of three main subdivisions – neocortex, archicortex and paleocortex – with transitional regions between them (Rose, 1935; Filimonoff, 1947). |
oli_i |
inferior olive |
oliva inferior |
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n_o |
optic nerve |
nervus opticus |
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nR |
red nucleus |
nucleus ruber |
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O |
eye |
Oculi |
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OB |
olfactory bulb |
bulbus olfactorius |
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ob_gl |
incoming olfactory fibres and developing glomerular layer of the OB |
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obV |
olfactory bulb ventricle |
The olfactory bulb ventricle exists in the prenatal human OB, it closes at the middle foetel OB. |
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olf_e |
olfactory (sensory) epitelium |
Nasal cavity is overlayered by the sensory epitelium dorsally and respiratory epitelium ventrally |
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olf_n |
olfactory (I) nerve |
nervus olfactorius |
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olf_tr |
olfactory tract |
tractus olfactorius |
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or |
optic recess |
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palatine processes |
processus palatini |
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Pam |
Periamygdalar cortex |
periamygdalare areae |
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PCX |
paleocortex (Filimonoff, 1974), (semicortex (Filimonoff, 1947)) |
paleocortex |
The mammalian cerebral cortex, including that of humans, consists of three main subdivisions – neocortex, archicortex and paleocortex – with transitional regions between them (Rose, 1935; Filimonoff, 1947). The paleocortex is phylogenetically the oldest cortical division representing the primary olfactory cortex. The paleocortex is a trilaminar structure comprised of a first marginal cell-sparse plexiform layer or lamina zonalis (molecularis) (I), proper cortical plate second granular (pyramidal cell) (II) and third polymorphous (III) cell layers. Pigache have provided detailed review for the definitions of the paleocortex in the European and American neurological traditions (1970). The less-known definition according to Filimonoff (1974), that is based on the comparative anatomy of the certain mammals (including dolphins) and ontogenetic material examination, including human prenatal material (1938, 1947, 1974). The diagonal band and septum pellucidum, olfactory tubercle, prepirifrom (as transitional zone) and periamygdalar cortices are referred to as the semicortex (Filimonoff, 1947), which corresponded to cortex semiparietinus by Rose (1926, 1935) and the paleocortex by Stephen (1963) and other authors. |
pARX(d) |
periarchaecortex (doesal primordium of ARX) |
periarchaecortex |
transitional zone between neocortical and archaecortical regions |
Pc |
Cerebral peduncle |
pedunculus cerebri |
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pCA |
Primary calcarine fissura (sulcus) |
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pPCX |
peripaleocortical insular cortex |
peripaleocortex |
transitional zone between neocortical and paleocortical regions -- perisemicortical region (Filimonoff, 1947), peripaleocortex (Filimonoff, 1974). The Insula of adults consists of fields of neocortical and peripaleocortical oridgn |
pm |
pia mater |
pia mater |
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PCX:Pp |
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PCX:T |
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Pae |
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pPo |
Primary occipito-temporal fissura (sulcus) |
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Pp1, Pp2 |
prepiriform cortex |
cortex praeperiformis |
Prepiriform cortex subareas were discribed by Filimonoff, the anterior part of the prepiriform cortex is corresponded to regio praepyriformis (Rose, 1935) and frontal prepiriform cortex (Allison , 1954) -- both located anatomically in the gyrus olfactorius latearalis, and Filimonoff Pp and Ppm (transitional areas between prepirifrom and periamygdalar areas) zones slightly overlaied also anterior part of the gyrus semilunari |
pr |
pineal recess |
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provisional (temporary) primigenial fissures (sulci) |
There are provisional structures in the forebrain wall named primegenial fissures. This temporary structures arise in the begining of the fetal (prefetal period of gestation) -- 7-8 pcw -- and disappear in the middle of th 5th gestational mounth. Despite of the constant human sucli, temporary fetal fissures engage all hemispharia wall including vz and svz, not only the cortical plate (Astavhova et al., 1958; Saveliev, 1989, 2005). This structrues are temporary, but they locate in the constant sulci places. The following fissures reffered as provisional -- f. arcuata (s. cinguli), f. supraorbitalis (s. rectus), f. marginalis (pars marginalis sulci cinguli), f. parieto-occipitalis (s. parieto-occipitalis), f. calcarina (s. calcarinus), f. collateralis (s. collateralis). |
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p.temp.ncx |
presumptive temporal cortex |
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Put |
putamen |
putamen |
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pvz |
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VLp |
choroid plexus of lateral ventricle |
plexus choroideus ventriculi lateralis |
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pD |
choroid plexus of Diencephalon |
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R |
R-zone (Filimonoff 1955) = pСl - presumptive claustrum |
Provisional zone of thr prefoetal and early foetal periods, which consists in inner part of undifferentiated (future) claustrum, bodered from developing putamen by lateral miratory stream |
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S |
Septum |
Septum |
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sdv |
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sulcus diencephalicus ventralis |
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si |
Substantia innominata |
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Sl |
Septal lateral nucl. |
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sp |
spinal cord |
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sh |
sulcus hippocampi |
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sm |
sulcus medius |
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nasal septum |
septum nasi |
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sp |
subplate zone |
The transient zone of the developing forebrain according to Rakic: [subplate (SP) ... contains interstitial cells and "waiting" afferents from the thalamic radiation (TR) and ipsilateral and contralateral cortico-cortical connections (CC)] (Rakic, 1988); for the recent difinition of the sublate zone see, for example, review by Ivica Kostovic (2020) (doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101883) or original paper by Kostovic et al. (2018) (doi: 10.1111/joa.12920) |
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st_g |
statoacustic ganglion |
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sn |
substantia nigra |
substantia nigra |
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st_v |
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sTh |
subthalamus |
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svz |
subventricular zone |
zona subvenricularis |
It is a pallial dorsal proliferative zone (also as ventricular one) contains the radial progenitors in the early prenatal development, which have no contact with the lateral ventrucle cavity (ventricular zone cells have) |
Telen |
Telencephalon |
Telencephalon |
Prosencephalon (Forebrain) -- the most rostral primary brain vesicle -- give rise to telencephalon and diencephalon |
Th |
Thalamus |
Thalamus |
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Th:rn |
thalamic reticular nucleus |
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tonque |
tonsilla |
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TO |
olfactory tubercle |
tuberculum olfactorium |
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tr_o |
optic tract |
tractus opticus |
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V3 |
third ventricle |
ventriculus tertius cerebri |
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V4 |
fourth ventricle |
ventriculus quartus |
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VZ |
ventricular zone |
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VL |
lateral ventricle |
ventriculus lateralis |
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vtg |
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vng |
vomeronasal ganglion |
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vno |
vomeronasal (Jacobon) organ |
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vnp |
vomeronasal pit |
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vtn |
vomeronasal-terminal nerve |
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vS |
ventricular layer of the septal area |
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vz |
ventricular or periventricular zone |
zona ventricularis |
A dorsal proliferative zone of the pallium, that is characterized by assymetrical divitions of radial glail cells, which hold contacts with the lateral ventricle surface |
zi |
zona incerta |
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